For upper-layer write IO, there are two modes for RAID controllers: (1) WriteBack mode: When data arrives from the upper layer, the RAID controller saves it to the cache and immediately notifies the host IO is complete. This allows the host to proceed to the next IO without waiting, while the data remains in the RAID card's cache without being written to the disk. The RAID controller optimizes the disk writes by either writing to the disk individually, in batches, or queuing the IOs using queueing techniques. However, this approach has a critical drawback: if a power outage occurs, the data in the RAID card's cache is lost while the host assumes the IO is completed, resulting in significant inconsistencies between the upper and lower layers. Hence, certain critical applications, such as databases, implement their own consistency detection measures.   Due to this reason, high-end RAID cards require batteries to protect the cache. In the event of a power outage, the battery continues to supply power to the cache, ensuring data integrity. Upon power restoration, the RAID card prioritizes writing the incomplete IOs stored in the cache to the disk.   (2) WriteThrough mode: In this mode, IO from the upper layer is only considered complete after the RAID controller writes the data to the disk. This approach guarantees high reliability. Although the cache's performance advantage is lost in this mode, its buffering function remains effective.   In addition to being a write cache, read cache is also very important. The cache algorithm is a very complex subject, with a set of complex mechanisms. One of the algorithms is called PreFetch, which means that the data on the disk that is "likely" to be accessed by the host next time is "read into the cache" before the host issues a read I0 request. How is this "likely" calculated?   In fact, it is assumed that the host has a high probability of reading the data in the adjacent position of the disk where the data read this time is located in the next IO. This assumption is very applicable to continuous IO sequential reading, such as reading logically continuous stored data. Such applications, such as FTP large file transfer services and video on demand services, are all applications for reading large files. If many fragmented small files are also stored continuously in adjacent positions on the disk, caching will greatly improve performance, because the IOPS required to read small files is very high. If there is no cache, it depends entirely on the head seek to complete each IO, which takes a long time.   STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality 9560-16I, 9560-8I, 9361-4I, 9540-8I, etc. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183 Whatsapp : +8613824334699

A computer is like a biological brain. The brain uses eyes, ears, nose, and skin as input devices to obtain various information, while the computer uses keyboard, mouse, serial port, USB interface, etc. as input devices to obtain various information. The brain uses neural networks to transfer acquired information to the nerve center, while computers use various bus technologies to transfer information to the CPU for calculation.   The brain uses neural networks to transfer calculated information to "devices" such as arms, legs, muscles, etc.; and computers also use buses to transfer calculated data to external devices, such as monitors, printers, etc. The human brain can store a variety of data, and computers can also use external media to store data. From this point of view, the computer itself is an external information storage and processing tool for the human brain. The field of computer storage studies how to provide data to computers quickly and efficiently to assist in their operations. Like the history of human storage, computer storage technology has also continued to develop and grow, from early floppy disks and hard drives with only a few dozen megabytes in size to today's single hard drives with a size of 1TB, and USB flash drives with a capacity of 4GB or even 16GB. In order to pursue high speed, people make multiple disks into a RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks) system, that is, each independent disk is formed into an array to jointly store data and speed up data storage.   While pursuing high speed, the capacity problem must also be solved. The storage capacity requirements of modern computer programs have become enormous. The latest Windows Vista operating system takes up more than 6GB of disk space just after installation. Some large-scale 3D games require 2GB, 4GB, or even 8GB in size just to install the files. The database files generated by some database management programs may be several TB or even hundreds or thousands of TB in size. The traditional method of placing the hard disk in the computer chassis can no longer meet the storage capacity requirements of modern applications, which has given rise to network storage technology.   Network storage extends the storage system to the network, making the storage device a node on the network for access by other nodes. In this way, even if there is only one hard disk in the computer host, or even no hard disk, the computer can still access data on the storage device through the network. Currently, the hot technology in the field of computer storage is network storage technology, which focuses on how to provide data flow services to other nodes on the network. Based on network storage, many other related technologies can be promoted and applied.   It can be seen that the storage field is an all-encompassing field. If you do not understand computer systems, it is difficult to master storage technology.   STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality Raid Card, HBA Card, Hard Disk Drive, etc. such as: 05-26105-00, 05-25420-10, 05-50011-02, 05-50134-03. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183 Whatsapp : +8613824334699

RAID 5 is a redundant array of independent disks configured using disk striping with parity. Data and parity are striped evenly across all disks. Striping allows users to rebuild data in the event of a disk failure, so no one disk is the bottleneck.   RAID 5 balances reading and writing and is currently one of the most commonly used RAID methods. It has more storage space available than RAID 1 and RAID 10 configurations and provides performance comparable to RAID 0.   A RAID 5 group has a minimum of 3 HDDs, but no maximum. Because parity data is distributed across all drives, RAID 5 is considered one of the most secure RAID configurations.   RAID 5 – Stripes data using distributed parity. RAID type 5 allows Clariion to distribute parity information to reconstruct a failed disk among the disks that make up the RAID group. As with RAID 3, if a single drive in the RAID group fails, the failed disk can be rebuilt from the remaining disks in the RAID group.     How RAID 5 works The advantage of RAID 5 comes primarily from its combined use of disk striping and parity. Striping is the process of storing contiguous segments of data across different storage devices; it allows for better throughput and performance. However, disk striping alone does not make an array fault tolerant. Disk striping combined with parity provides RAID 5 with redundancy and reliability.   RAID 5 uses parity instead of mirroring for data redundancy. When data is written to a RAID 5 drive, parity is calculated and written to the drive. While mirroring maintains multiple copies of the data in each volume for use in the event of a failure, RAID 5 can rebuild a failed drive using parity data, which is not saved on a fixed single drive.   By saving data on each drive, any two drives can be combined to equal the data stored on a third drive, keeping data safe in the event of a single drive failure. Drives in RAID 5 are hot-swappable, meaning a failed HDD can be removed and replaced without downtime.   STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality Raid Card, HBA Card, Hard Disk Drive, etc. such as: lsi megaraid 9460 8i, 05 50077 00 9560-16i, 05 25528 04 9380-8e. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183 Whatsapp : +8613824334699

In the vast realm of networking technology, understanding network card models can be a daunting task.   1、The model number contains "T": the interface type is Ethernet interface. For example: I350-T2, X540-T2, X710-T4   2. The model includes "F" and "D": optical fiber interface, used to connect to optical fiber networks, with the characteristics of high-speed transmission and stability. Common abbreviations for optical interfaces: SFP+, SFP28, QSFP, etc. For example: I350-F2, X520-DA2, E810-CQDA2   3. The model number contains "SR": the network card comes with its own module, and the modules are usually divided into single-mode and multi-mode. Single-mode is often used for long-distance transmission, and the wavelengths are: 1310, 1550, and 1490. No light can be seen when the power is on. Multi-mode is often used for short-distance transmission. The wavelength is 850nm. Red light can be seen when the power is on.   4. Finally, the numerical digit at the end of the model holds the key to understanding the quantity of external interface connections. The last number 1 or 2 or 4: the number of external interface connections. For example: X520-DA1, I210-T1, I350-T4, X710-DA4, X520-DA2.   The above information only applies to IN network cards. If you want to know the names of other network cards, please tell me and I will continue to update this series of blogs.   STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality Raid Card, HBA Card, Hard Disk Drive, etc. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183 Whatsapp : +8613824334699  

MCX4421A-ACQN is suitable for applications requiring high bandwidth, low latency and high message rates. In the evolving digital era, there is an increasing demand for high-speed, reliable network connections. As a leading manufacturer in network technology, we are proud to introduce the MCX4421A-ACQN high-performance network adapter, providing superior connectivity and performance for modern data centers and enterprise networks.   MCX4421A-ACQN network card is a 10 Gigabit Ethernet network card. How to download and install the driver: 1. First download the MCP1600-E003E26 network card driver, and then click to open it. 2. After opening, read all the additional programs, click Confirm, and then select Next to install. 3. Wait for the installation to be completed before you can use it.   The adapter uses the latest network chip technology, combined with advanced protocol processing and traffic management functions, to provide excellent data transmission capabilities and low latency. Whether in large-scale virtualization environments or in demanding cloud computing applications, MCX4421A-ACQN can maintain stable performance and effectively reduce the complexity of network transmission.   The MCX4421A-ACQN （Passive Copper cable, ETH, up to 25Gb/s, SFP28, 0.5m）not only excels in performance, it also provides advanced cybersecurity features to protect the integrity and confidentiality of user data. The equipped hardware acceleration engine can process advanced encryption algorithms to ensure the security of sensitive data during transmission. In addition, the adapter also supports advanced virtualization technology, which can provide good network isolation and resource allocation, improving performance and management efficiency in multi-tenant environments.   In short, whether you are an enterprise user or a data center administrator, MCX4421A-ACQN will bring you an excellent network experience and unlimited possibilities.   STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality Raid Card, HBA Card, Hard Disk Drive, etc. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183 Whatsapp : +8613824334699

RAID cards are an important technology when it comes to data storage and data protection. RAID cards are a solution for expanding storage capacity, providing data redundancy, and increasing data throughput. In this regard, the 9580-8i8e RAID cards is an excellent product.   The 9580-8i8e RAID features 8 internal SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) ports and 8 external SAS ports to support up to 8 internal and 8 external hard drives. This makes it ideal for handling large amounts of data and complex storage environments.   Key Features Include: Connect up to 240 SAS/SATA devices or 32 NVMe devices per controller Fits into rack-mounted servers with low-profile form factor and side-mounted SAS connectors Form-factor friendly cable exit Support critical, high-bandwidth applications with PCIe 4.0 connectivity Balance protection and performance for critical applications with RAID 0, 00, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50 and 60 JBOD mode with RAID 0, 1, 10 and JBOD for SDS environments Add more protection and peace of mind with flash cache protection   Overall, the 9580-8i8e RAID card is an advanced storage solution that provides high performance, reliability and flexibility. Whether it is a small enterprise or a large data center, this RAID card can meet its needs for storage performance and data security, helping users build a stable and reliable storage environment.   STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality Raid Card, HBA Card, Hard Disk Drive, etc. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183 Whatsapp : +8613824334699

Currently, there are four main interfaces supported :IDE, SCSI, SATA and SAS.   The IDE interface is the standard interface for ordinary PCS.   SCSI: small computer system interface, and SCSI is not specifically designed for the hard disk interface, a wide range of applications, low CPU usage, mainly used for servers.   SATA: Serial port is better and faster, the main PC, the use of SATA(Serial ATA) port hard disk is also called serial hard disk, is the mainstream of the current PC hard disk, serial ATA bus uses embedded clock signal, has a stronger error correction ability, improve the reliability of data transmission.The serial interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot swap support.   SAS: SAS is a new generation of SCSI technology, which uses serial technology to obtain higher transmission speed, and SAS interface technology can be backward compatible with SATA. Due to the compatibility of SAS systems, IT personnel can use hard disks with different interfaces to meet the capacity or performance needs of various applications.   Some RAID cards support multiple interfaces. For example, the 9400-16i supports SAS and SATA interfaces.Contact us, to provide you with the best choice and solution, the factory price and three years warranty, is your most secure choice.   Data backup has never been easier, and RAID cards protect your important data so you don't have to worry. Buy now and enjoy stability and peace of mind!  

For parity RAID, after the RAID parameters are set on the RAID card and the RAID Settings are applied, all the disks in the RAID array need to be initialized. The time required is related to the number and size of the disks. The larger the disk, the more there are, and the longer it will take. Consider: What does a RAID card write to disk? You can think about a new disk just out of the factory, is there any data on it? Yes. What data? It's either all zeros or all ones. Here, all zeros refer to the actual data part, except for some special positions such as sector headers. Because the magnetic region on the disk has two states, either the n-pole or the S-pole. So that means it's either 0 or 1, and there can't be a third state. So what about these 0's or 1's? Of course, these magnetic regions don't have a chaotic state between 0 and 1. If we do RAID5 with a few disks, but do not change any data on the disks, let's see what state we will be in at this point, say 5 disks, 4 data disk space, 1 parity disk space, on the same strip, 4 data blocks, 1 parity block, and all the data on the blocks are all 0, then if we calculate RAID5, It's true, because 0 XOR 0 XOR 0 XOR 0 XOR 0 XOR 0=0, right. If you start with all 1's, then similarly 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1=1, also true. However, if RAID5 is made of 6 disks, and the initial values are all 1, the situation is contradictory. 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 =0, in which case the correct result would be that the parity block is 0, but the initial disk is all 1, and the parity block data is also 1, which contradicts the calculation. If the initialization process doesn't make any changes to disk and we just write data, for example, we write a piece of data to the second extend, changing 1 to 0, and then the controller validates the data according to the formula: parity data for new data = (old data EOR new data) EOR. (1EOR 0) EOR1=0, and the new parity is 0, so the final data looks like this: 1 XOR 0 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1. We figured it out to be equal to 1, but the RAID controller figured it out to be 0, so there's a contradiction. Why did you make this mistake? That's because the RAID controller didn't start with a proper data relationship in the first place, and the parity data of the parity block was inconsistent with the data block at the beginning, which led to more and more errors. So after the RAID controller is set up and enabled, in the process of initialization, it needs to write 0 or 1 for each sector of the disk, and then calculate the correct parity bit, or do not change the data of the data block, directly use these existing data, recalc the parity block data of all strips. On this basis, new incoming data will not be misrepresented. Tip: For products such as NetApp, RAID groups do not need to be initialized and are available immediately. Even adding disks to a RAID group that already has data does not cause any additional IO. Because it will reset all Spare disks, that is, send a Zero Unit SCSI instruction to the disk, and the disk will automatically perform the zero. For RAID groups made from these disks, there is no validation and therefore no initialization, or waiting for the disks to clear to zero.   Unleash the power of data! Classic reliability, innovative evolution - RAID Card brings you beyond imagination performance and reliability. Whether you are an individual user, an enterprise, or a data center, our RAID cards will provide you with unparalleled data protection and high-speed transfer. STOR Technology Limited provides original and new cloud storage products, such as megaraid sas 9341 8i, lsi 9361 8i 2gb, lsi megaraid 9460 8i, etc., welcome to consult.

Today let's continue to talk about the structure of the raid card. RAID card with CPU seems to be a small computer system, has its own CPU, memory, ROM, bus and IO interface, but this small computer is to serve the big computer. It is important to include the SCSI controller on the SCSI RAID card, because the physical SCSI disks are still attached to the back end. Its front end is connected to the PCI bus of the host, so there must be a PCI bus controller to maintain the PCI bus arbitration, data sending and receiving functions. Also need to have a ROM, is generally used as a Flash chip ROM, which stores the initialization of the RAID card necessary code and the implementation of the RAID function required code. The role of RAM, first of all, is as a data cache to improve performance; Secondly, it is the memory space required by the CPU on the RAID card to perform RAID operations. XOR chip is specially used to do parity data calculation of RAID3, 5, 6 and so on. Letting the CPU do the validation would require code execution, which would take many cycles. However, if a dedicated digital circuit is used directly, the result is obtained immediately as soon as it is in and out. Therefore, in order to get rid of the CPU, the circuit module specially used for XOR operation is added, which greatly increases the speed of data check calculation. The difference between RAID card and SCSI card is the RAID function, the other is not too different. A RAID card is called a multi-channel RAID card if there are multiple SCSI channels on it. At present, the SCSI RAID card has up to 4 channels, and its back end can be connected to 4 SCSI buses, so up to 64 SCSI devices (16 bit bus) can be connected. With the addition of RAID functionality, the SCSI controller becomes a puppet of the RAID program code and does whatever the RAID tells it to do. The SCSI controller is fully aware of the disks under its control and communicates with the RAID application code. Once the RAID code knows which disks are in the SCSI controller's hands, it can adjust the RAID code to use ROM options such as RAID type, strip size, and so on, instructing its dummy SCSI controller to report "virtual" logical disks to the host instead of all physical disks. Hint: RAID has a concept of striping in mind. By striping, we don't really mean dividing the disk into bars and strips as in low-level formatting. This striping is all "in the mind," that is, in the program code. Because once the position and size of the strip are set, they are fixed. An LBA address block on a virtual disk corresponds to one or more LBA blocks on the real disk, and these mappings are predefined through the configuration interface. And a certain RAID algorithm is often embodied in some complex formulas, rather than using a table to record the corresponding LBA of each virtual disk and physical disk, so the efficiency will be poor. After each 10 arrives, RAID has to query this table to obtain the LBA of the corresponding physical disk, and the query speed is very slow, let alone in the face of such a large table. If we use a functional relationship formula between logical LBA and physical LBA to do the operation, the speed is very fast. Because mapping is performed entirely by formula, no flags are ever written to the physical disk to mark the so-called strips. The concept of a strip is only logical and does not exist physically. Therefore, the concept of strip only "memory" in the RAID program code can be, to change is to change the program code can be. The only thing that needs to be written to the disk is some RAID information, so that even if the disk is removed and placed on another RAID card of the same model, the previously made RAID information can be correctly recognized. The SNIA association has defined a standard format of DDFRAID information, requiring all RAID card manufacturers to store RAID information in accordance with this standard, so that all RAID cards are common. After striding, the RAID application code directs the SCSI controller to submit a virtualized "virtual disk" or "logical disk," or simply a LUN, to the OS-level driver code. 1. Structure of a RAID card RAID card with CPU seems to be a small computer system, has its own CPU, memory, ROM, bus and IO interface, but this small computer is to serve the big computer. It is important to include the SCSI controller on the SCSI RAID card, because the physical SCSI disks are still attached to the back end. Its front end is connected to the PCI bus of the host, so there must be a PCI bus controller to maintain the PCI bus arbitration, data sending and receiving functions. Also need to have a ROM, is generally used as a Flash chip ROM, which stores the initialization of the RAID card necessary code and the implementation of the RAID function required code. The role of RAM, first of all, is as a data cache to improve performance; Secondly, it is the memory space required by the CPU on the RAID card to perform RAID operations. XOR chip is specially used to do parity data calculation of RAID3, 5, 6 and so on. Letting the CPU do the validation would require code execution, which would take many cycles. However, if a dedicated digital circuit is used directly, the result is obtained immediately as soon as it is in and out. Therefore, in order to get rid of the CPU, the circuit module specially used for XOR operation is added, which greatly increases the speed of data check calculation. The difference between RAID card and SCSI card is the RAID function, the other is not too different. A RAID card is called a multi-channel RAID card if there are multiple SCSI channels on it. At present, the SCSI RAID card has up to 4 channels, and its back end can be connected to 4 SCSI buses, so up to 64 SCSI devices (16 bit bus) can be connected. With the addition of RAID functionality, the SCSI controller becomes a puppet of the RAID program code and does whatever the RAID tells it to do. The SCSI controller is fully aware of the disks under its control and communicates with the RAID application code. Once the RAID code knows which disks are in the SCSI controller's hands, it can adjust the RAID code to use ROM options such as RAID type, strip size, and so on, instructing its dummy SCSI controller to report "virtual" logical disks to the host instead of all physical disks. Hint: RAID has a concept of striping in mind. By striping, we don't really mean dividing the disk into bars and strips as in low-level formatting. This striping is all "in the mind," that is, in the program code. Because once the position and size of the strip are set, they are fixed. An LBA address block on a virtual disk corresponds to one or more LBA blocks on the real disk, and these mappings are predefined through the configuration interface. And a certain RAID algorithm is often embodied in some complex formulas, rather than using a table to record the corresponding LBA of each virtual disk and physical disk, so the efficiency will be poor. After each 10 arrives, RAID has to query this table to obtain the LBA of the corresponding physical disk, and the query speed is very slow, let alone in the face of such a large table. If we use a functional relationship formula between logical LBA and physical LBA to do the operation, the speed is very fast. Because mapping is performed entirely by formula, no flags are ever written to the physical disk to mark the so-called strips. The concept of a strip is only logical and does not exist physically. Therefore, the concept of strip only "memory" in the RAID program code can be, to change is to change the program code can be. The only thing that needs to be written to the disk is some RAID information, so that even if the disk is removed and placed on another RAID card of the same model, the previously made RAID information can be correctly recognized. The SNIA association has defined a standard format of DDFRAID information, requiring all RAID card manufacturers to store RAID information in accordance with this standard, so that all RAID cards are common. After striding, the RAID application code directs the SCSI controller to submit a virtualized "virtual disk" or "logical disk," or simply a LUN, to the OS-level driver code. We through several articles detailed introduction of raid card, I believe you have a deeper understanding of raid card. If you have a lot of questions about server accessories, storage, then welcome to consult, it is my pleasure to answer your questions. STOR Technology Limited will also provide you with a large number of original high-performance products, such as: lsi 9480 8i8e, lsi 9361 4i, lsi 9341 8i and so on, three-year warranty and unsurpassed factory price to reduce your concerns.

Software RAID has three disadvantages: ① it takes up memory space; ② occupy CPU resources; Software RAID programs cannot make the disk partition on which the operating system is installed into RAID mode. Because the RAID program runs on top of the operating system, the RAID functionality cannot be implemented until the operating system is booted. In other words, if the operating system is corrupted, the RAID program will not run, and the data on the disk will become a bunch of useless stuff. Because the data on the RAID disk can only be recognized and read and write correctly by the program that implements the corresponding RAID algorithm. If there is no corresponding RAID program, the data on the physical disk is just a few fragments, and only the RAID program can combine these fragments. Fortunately, most of the current RAID program will store their own algorithm information on the disk, once the operating system has a problem, or the host hardware has a problem, you can connect these disks to other machines, and then install the same RAID software. After the RAID software has read the RAID information stored in a fixed area on the hard disk, it can continue to use it. Software RAID has so many shortcomings that people are constantly thinking about more methods to implement RAID. Since software has so many drawbacks, what about hardware? RAID card is a method to implement RAID function with independent hardware. To realize RAID function in hardware, we must find a physical hardware as a carrier, SCSI card or motherboard on the south bridge is undoubtedly the carrier. Extra chips have been added to SCSI cards to implement RAID functions. These chips are specially used to execute RAID algorithm, can be ASIC such as high cost and high speed computing chip, can also be general instruction CPU such as general code execution chip, code can be loaded from ROM directly to execute, can also be loaded into RAM before execution, so as to realize RAID function. A RAID card (SCSI card or IDE expansion card) is called a RAID card. Similarly, the RAID function can also be implemented on the south bridge chip of the motherboard. Because the chips in the south bridge cannot rely on the CPU to perform their functions, these chips rely entirely on the circuit logic to operate on their own, and although they are fast, they are less powerful than the plug-in RAID cards. From some motherboard advertising can be seen, such as the so-called "onboard" RAID chip is the guide bridge to realize the RAID function of the chip. In this way, the operating system does not need to make any changes, in addition to the RAID card driver does not need to install any additional software, you can directly identify the virtual disk has been generated by RAID processing. For software RAID, the operating system to the actual perception in the bottom or at least the physical disk, but for the hardware RAID, the operating system cannot perceive the underlying physical disk, only by the manufacturer to provide a RAID card management software to view your card is connected on a physical disk. Also, when configuring a RAID card, it cannot be done in the operating system, but must be done by entering the hardware (or by using the RAID card configuration tool in the operating system). General RAID card is in the boot self test, into its ROM configuration program to configure a variety of RAID functions. RAID cards overcome the shortcomings of software RAID, so that the operating system itself can be installed on top of the RAID virtual disk, which is not possible with software RAID. Later I will also discuss the relevant knowledge of raid card from multiple dimensions. If you have any questions about storage technology, welcome to consult and answer your questions wholeheartedly. With more than 10 years of professional experience, STOR Technology Limited can also let you experience the original high-performance products at the factory price, such as: megaraid 9460-16i, megaraid 9560-8i, sas 9300-16i and so on. Contact us now！

Today we are going to talk about RAID implementation and configuration in the operating system. Some people write programs directly on the host, running at the bottom of the operating system, the physical disk submitted from the host SCSI or IDE controller, using the idea of seven stars Beidou, virtual into various modes of virtual disk, and then submitted to the upper program interface, such as volume management program. These programs use a configuration tool that lets you choose which disks to combine and form which type of RAID. For example, if two IDE disks and four SCSI disks are installed on a machine, the IDE hard disk is connected directly to the IDE interface integrated with the motherboard, and the SCSI disk is connected to a PCI interface SCSI card. In the absence of RAID program to participate in the conditions, the system can identify six disks, and after the file system format, mount to a disk letter or directory, for the program to read and write. After installing the RAID program, the user through the configuration interface, the first two IDE disks made a RAID 0 system. If the original IDE disk is 80GB, then RAID 0 will become a 160GB "virtual" disk. Then the user makes a RAID5 system with 4 SCSI disks. If the original SCSI disk capacity is 73GB, the capacity of the virtual disk after making the 4 disks into RAID5 will be about 3 disks, that is, 216GB. Of course, because the RAID program needs to use part of the disk space to store some RAID information, the actual capacity will be smaller. After being processed by the RAID program, these six magnets eventually become two virtual disks. If you are on the Widows system, opening Disk Manager will only show you two hard drives, one with a capacity of 160GB (drive 1) and the other with a capacity of 219GB(drive 2). The disks can then be formatted, for example, to an NTFS filesystem. The formatter has no sense that more than one physical hard disk is writing data. For example, the formatter may at some point issue a command to write data from memory start address so and so to disk 1 (a RAID 0 virtual drive consisting of two IDE disks) at LBA start address 10000 and length 128. The RAID program will intercept this command and analyze it. Disk 1 is a RAID 0 system, so the data of 128 sectors starting from LBA10000 will be calculated by the RAID engine, and the logical LBA will be corresponding to the physical LBA of the physical disk, and the corresponding data will be written to the physical disk. Once written, the formatter receives a signal that the write was successful and moves on to the next IO. After this process, the upper layer is completely unaware of the details of the underlying physical disk. The same is true for other forms of RAID, but the algorithms are more complex. But even though the complex algorithm, after CPU operation, it is thousands of times faster than the disk read and write speed. Tips: To ensure performance, only the same type of disk can be used for the same disk group, although it can also be designed to IDE magnetic Disk and SCSI disk are combined to form a virtual disk, but it is not designed this way unless specifically required. If you have any technical questions about storage, please contact me. I will be happy to answer your questions and provide you with original and new high-performance raid cards such as megaraid 9540 8i. hba card: such as LSI 9500 16i , LSI 9500 16e. 3 years warranty with high quality factory price, provide maximum security for you.

Above we introduced the two important components of the hard disk. The article mentioned the ST2400MM0129 supplied by STOR Technology Limited, and now we will talk about it in detail. The ST2400MM0129 is a SAS hard drive model of the Exos 10E2400 series manufactured by Seagate. The following are the specific specifications and advantages of the hard disk: 1. Capacity: ST2400MM0129 has a storage capacity of 2.4TB, which can accommodate a large amount of data. 2. Interface: It uses SAS interface to provide reliable connection for high performance storage environment. 3. Speed: The speed of the hard disk is 10,000 RPM, which provides faster data access speed and is suitable for applications with high performance requirements. 4. Cache: With 256MB cache, it can speed up data read and write operations and improve system response speed. 5. Reliability: Seagate's reliability technology, including sensors, RAID recovery capabilities, and advanced error correction, protects data from corruption or loss. 6. High performance: HDD ST2400MM0129 is designed for enterprise-class storage environment, providing excellent read and write performance, suitable for data centers, servers and large-scale applications. 7. Durability: The hard drive has high vibration resistance and reliability to perform well in continuous operation and challenging environments. In general, Seagate ST2400MM0129 is a SAS hard disk with large capacity, fast speed, stable performance and high reliability, suitable for enterpriselevel environments with high requirements for data storage and processing. STOR not only provides high-performance hard drives, but also the original new Raid Card,HBA Card,Fiber Card,Network Card, etc. We will provide you with professional pre-sales and after-sales service, welcome to consult